Monday, January 27, 2020
Significance of The Newport Sex Scandal, 1919
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Sunday, January 19, 2020
Preaching to Every Pew: Cross-Cultural Strategies Essay
Introduction                Understanding the Bible is not that easy to do. Especially when dealing with cross cultural population such as the American society is today. Undeniably, the majority of the population of the American communities today comprises of the strong number of immigrants from all over the world? How are these people to be preached by religious leaders and missionaries? The book of Nieman points out four major elements of doing the preaching process. The said elements include ethnicity, class, displacement, and religious beliefs (Nieman, 2001, 14). Considering these elements would make studying the Bibl with a culturally diverse society an easier task to complete. What of dealing with the complexity of the Bible itself? The context of the entire book stresses a certain deepness that is not that easy to comprehend with. Certainly, the procedure in studying the Bible is then perceived to have more complicated vitalities. How then could an individual understand the Bible without actually going to theological institutions and getting a formal education? Are individual owners of the Bible given the privilege to understand the Bible? Certainly! The Bible is made available and understandable to anybody wanting to gain knowledge from it (Nieman, 2001, 19). The procedure to be taken is not based upon quite an arranged system that is followed in formal institutions of theology. Opposite from what people think, studying the Bible is quite easy. What’s not easy is the fact that there are required elements of being scripturally convinced of an individual before the success of the said study could be expected. There are at least six major elements of being scripturally convinced and at least 12 major procedures of studying the Bible (Nieman, 2001, 22). These elements and procedures would be the entire context of this paper’s discussion. Elements of Scriptural Convincing            Before an individual even starts to study the Bible, he must be primarily convinced that he really believes the principles and the laws that are found in the Bible. How does one assure himself of this truth? The following elements shall help him have a clear understanding of this particular truth. Conviction of the truth that he needs to depend upon God’s laws      A person’s conviction that he indeed needs the strength and the guidance of God to be able to live a fruitful life is the primary basis of his faith upon the guidance of God that is outlined in the Bible. Once he does realize this fact, he is then motivated to start his Bible study with a more certain optimism in is vision towards the result of the Bible education that he is about to get. (Nieman, 2001, 28)      â€Å"For this means everlasting life, their taking in knowledge of you and of the one whom you sent forth Jesus Christ†(John 17:3) Getting the accurate knowledge about the truth is a necessary element of conviction if a person is about to study the Scriptures. Willingness to Learn This motivation is strengthened still more by an accurate knowledge of God’s purposes. Such knowledge helps to change the very ‘force actuating our minds,’ the spirit that motivates our thoughts and actions. (Ephesians 4:23, 24). An individual’s willingness to learn the basic knowledge about life that the Bible offers certainly identifies the ability of the person to actually absorb the lessons that he would primarily grasp from the Bible. (Nieman, 2001, 28) Determination to change and apply the principles of God’s words      IN THE middle of the first century C.E., the apostle Paul wrote a letter to the Christian congregation in Rome. In it he highlighted the requirement that true Christians had to make changes. He said: â€Å"Quit being fashioned after this system of things, but be transformed by making your mind over, that you may prove to yourselves the good and acceptable and perfect will of God.†(Romans 12:2)      Once the lessons of the Bible have been introduced to an individual, it is necessary that the individual acts upon the needs of adjusting one’s personality in accord with the policies and principles of the Holy Scriptures. (Nieman, 2001, 32) Willingness to adjust one’s personality according to the ways of God â€Å"The word of God is alive and exerts power and is sharper than any two-edged sword and pierces even to the dividing of soul and spirit, and of joints and their marrow, and is able to discern thoughts and intentions of the heart.†(Hebrews 4:12) â€Å"Strip off the old personality with its practices, and clothe yourselves with the new personality, which through accurate knowledge is being made new according to the image of the One who created it.†â€â€Colossians 3:9, 10.      The verses of the scriptures cited above are indeed effective in applying the element of studying the Bible that pertains to personality change. The willingness and the motivation of the individual to change his paths in life certainly identifies his ability to change his personality in accordance with the Bible’s suggested path of understanding life and living with it. (Nieman, 2001, 36) Ability to communicate with God in fervent prayers â€Å"Persevere in prayer.†(Romans 12:12) By prayer we address Jehovah, praise him, thank him, and ask for his help. If we ask for help to overcome undesirable personality traits, such as a bad temper, stubbornness, impatience, or pride, God’s spirit will back up any efforts we make in harmony with that prayer.â€â€John 14:13, 14; James 1:5; 1 John 5:14.      The ability of people to understand the privilege that they have in terms of communicating with God through prayers help them gain more confidence and faith on whatever they are able to grasp from primarily studying the word of God. (Nieman, 2001, 41) Interest in learning not only the major parts of the Bible but the entire book as it is      The Bible contains 66 books in two sections, often called the Old Testament and the New Testament. Thirty-nine Bible books were written mainly in Hebrew and 27 in Greek. The Hebrew Scriptures, consisting of Genesis through Malachi, cover creation as well as the first 3,500 years of human history. Examining this part of the Bible, we learn about God’s dealings with the Israelitesâ€â€from their birth as a nation in the 16th century B.C.E. on into the 5th century B.C.E. The Greek Scriptures, containing the books of Matthew through Revelation, focus on the teachings and activities of Jesus Christ and his disciples during the first century C.E. (Knowledge that Leads to Everlasting Life, 16). Certainly, from this particular claim, the Bible could be viewed as a book with a singular theme that leads to one’s understanding of the necessity that an individual studying the Bible should study not only several portions of the Bible but the entire book as well. These elements are indeed to be preset within the mind of the individual who aims to study and apply the biblical principles that are embedded within the context of the entire Biblical theme. To understand the effects of the said elements on individual Bible students, the following diagram shall be presented: Diagram 1: The impact of the elements of conviction upon a Bible student Diagram Explanation:      The diagram above shows how many the circles containing the elements of conviction affects the learning motivation of the students. As a result, the become more convinced to continue progressing in their study and thus progress as well in their application of the major lessons that they learn from the Bible. True, the application of the elements of conviction before actually studying the bible helps an individual collectively arrange the procedures of learning as to how they fit their needs. The following paragraphs shall discuss on the twelve major methods of studying the Bible: 1 – Method One – The Devotional Method of Bible Study            Method one is a method that pertains more on the divine conviction of the student in learning the Bible. The desire of the student based upon his desire in becoming a person who follows the principles of the Bible conscientiously is the primary reason for him to continue learning the basic principles of the Bible. 2 – Method Two – The Chapter Summary Method of Bible Study            Every chapter in the Bible is of high importance in connection with the main theme that the Bible intends to portray for its readers. The summarizing procedure that a student does to be able to come up with a single conclusion of what has been read every time the Bible study ends, helps the  students recognize the importance of each chapter within their lives. 3 – Method Three – The Character Quality Method of Bible Study            The early Christians of the 1st century have left a pattern for the present Christian to follow. Their capability of dealing with the challenges that they had to face way back them and the characteristics and the consequences of their decision certainly have an impact on how the Christians at present act towards the different issues in the society as well as with their personal lives. 4 – Method Four – The Thematic Method of Bible Study            Thematic method is based upon the evaluation of the student of the sub-themes of the bible that primarily pertains to the entire theme of the Scriptures which is pointed to the purpose of God for the lives of humans on earth. This method helps the student understand the different idealisms presented in the Bibles and thus get the entire thought of actually applying them within the social and personal activities of the individual himself. 5 – Method Five – The Biographical Method of Bible Study            The lives of the people within the historical accounts of the Bible leave a strong impact upon the personality of the people today. Studying their biographical backgrounds would not only increase the knowledge of a student about biblical characters, it would also increase the possibility of the individual’s familiarity with what the said characters did and how they fared so far with the decisions that they made. Hence, by this, the student is equipped with the wisdom that he needs to face and decide for his life. 6 – Method Six – The Topical Method of Bible Study            Topical method encourages the student to focus on certain topics that primarily interest him. Since the topics interest him, it is not impossible that it would be easier fro him to grasp the lesson’s importance. 7 – Method Seven – The Word Study Method of Bible Study            This is more of enriching ones knowledge based upon the different vocabularies that are found in the Bible. The vocabulary-based meaning of the context would certainly help the student locate the connection of each Bible book with reach other through the thematic approach of the presentation of the vocabularies of the entire context of the Bible. 8 – Method Eight – The Book Background Method of Bible Study            Knowing the Bible’s history and how it has been passed on from generations to generation and how it has been preserved amidst all the Christian persecution during the early Years of Christianity helps the students understand how important the Bible really is. 9 – Method Nine – The Book Survey Method of Bible Study            Book survey involves the evaluation of the Biblical theme based form book to book. Once students glance on the book and immediately recognize the ideas presented in theta particular book, then the said method has been utilized effectively by the student. 10 – Method Ten – The Chapter Analysis Method of Bible Study Chapter analysis helps the students get the gist of every chapter and thus be bale to explain the said ideas to others when the chapters are being discussed. 11 – Method Eleven – The Book Synthesis Method of Bible Study            The condensing of the lessons that were previously studied and carrying them into becoming a single conclusion, it could be noted that the theme of the Bible is certain and thus through this method, the proof of such claim could be well established. 12 – Method Twelve – The Verse by Verse Method of Bible Study Each verse is important in creating the main theme of the bible. Studying each verse and understanding how they are able to affect the lives of the students both personally and socially determines the success of the application of this particular method. Conclusion IT IS only reasonable that our loving Creator would provide a book of instruction and guidance for mankind. More than 2,500 years ago, a prophet and historian wrote: â€Å"It does not belong to man who is walking even to direct his step.†(Jeremiah 10:23) Today, the truthfulness of that statement is more evident than ever. Thus, historian William H. McNeill notes: â€Å"The human adventure on the face of this planet has been an almost uninterrupted series of crises and disruptions of society’s established order.†True, with the certain methods and elements of studying the Bible presented herein, it could be observed that being able to understand the Bible clearly indeed provides the best benefits that one could ever get form informal yet highly-established procedure of studying.  References: New American Standard Bible. Foundation Publications; updated edition (August 2005). Nelson Bibles. (1999). The NKJV Slim line Bible. Thomas Nelson; New Ed edition. James R. Nieman and Thomas G. Rogers. (2001). Preaching to Every Pew: Cross-Cultural Strategies. Augsburg Fortress Publishers.
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Black Friday
The phenomenon of Black Friday Bustling city streets, hour-long lines, and retail store chaos: only one scenario explains the commonality between these situations, shopping on Black Friday. For half a century Black Friday has become an unofficial retail holiday in the United States. It is a day that offers incredible discounts and killer deals, and most notoriously, it brings a frenzy of crazed shoppers to local retailers looking to save on purchases.Marketing strategies, paired with consumers’ need to locate the best deals on Christmas gifts has led to Black Friday being celebrated as a consumption ritual comparable in importance to Thanksgiving Day. (Thomas and Peters, 2011) How has Black Friday become the largest retail sales day of the year? What is it that drives people to artificially induced hyper consumption, almost like an annual ritual? Many scientist and psychologists have many different theories and conclusions of why Black Friday has become the biggest shopping da y of the year.In this paper, I will take your through the research and conclusions that many psychologists have produced and the advantages and disadvantages of Black Friday. Dr. Stephanie Sarkis, Ph. D. explored the work of Jane Boyd Thomas and Cara Peters, professors at South Carolina's Winthrop University, who spent two years in research trying to find common traits in Black Friday shoppers. They conducted thirty-eight extensive interviews with â€Å"experienced†Black Friday shoppers and found four recurring themes: 1. Familial bonding (multiple generations and close friends) 2. Strategic planning . The great race 4. Mission accomplished But how do the four themes they came up with relate to one another? Thomas and Peters figured that all the traits when analyzed together showed one commonality. They wrote, â€Å"the traits are coalesced around a military metaphor, and is a bonding activity Shoppers prepare for the ritual by scanning Black Friday ads, and they map out th eir strategy. †(Sarkis 2011) In essence, the family is a type of team that scans adds, plans their route and potential purchases, executes their plans by buying products, and rejoices in their accomplishments.When all of these traits are analyzed individually, they mean little to main the main outcome, bonding. But when all the traits are looked at collectively, they all contribute to the overall success and goal of bonding. Besides giving us a breakdown of bonding activities, the analysis also shows how the average consumer plan for Black Friday. Just as Sarkis found themes that make up this military metaphor, Byun, professor of consumer affairs at Auburn University came up with her own theory on why people react the way they do on Black Friday. Crowds create a sense of competition  such as when hundreds of shoppers are rushing to collect marked-down goods  they generate a different feeling entirely. Competition creates what’s called hedonic shopping v alue, or a sense of enjoyment from the mere process of buying goods. At certain levels, consumers enjoy arousal and challenges during the shopping process. †(Khazan 2011) In essence what Byun is saying is consumers get more enjoyment because the crowds create an obstacle, which hinders the execution of the plans and preparations made. The crowds make getting what they want harder, which creates more value for the goods purchased.Just as Byun noted that crowds contribute to the Black Friday Craze, Kelly McGonigal, Ph. D. describes another factors that plays a big part in the â€Å"Black Friday frenzy†. Retailers, she notes, use innovative designs to lure customers into their stores and keep them there. McGonigal says â€Å"time pressure sales on limited products or scarce resources†triggers a negative physiological affect on the consumer. Scarcity for a certain commodity creates a sense of urgency to act now, a natural instinct to survive. This survival instinct can be related to hunting for some people.Black Friday is â€Å"hunting for women,†said Leisa Reinecke Flynn, professor of marketing and fashion merchandising at the University of Southern Mississippi. â€Å"It’s so much like deer hunting it’s hard to tell the two apart. †(Khazan 2011) Unfortunately, shopping on Black Friday is not motivated by survival instincts or a life in death situation. This paradox stimulates unusual behavior in consumers that creates disadvantages and potential dangers for those that are not necessarily into the hunt. The concept of Black Friday creates a â€Å"perfect storm†for consumer misbehavior.Misbehavior, as defined by Lennon, Johnson, and Lee is, â€Å"acts that violate accepted norms of conduct in consumption contexts. †(Lennon, Johnson, Lee, 2011) This compulsive behavior, or compulsive consumption, feeds off of the idea of scarcity. It induces people to act inappropriately harming others and often the mselves. â€Å"For many, if not most compulsive purchasers, buying is a reaction to stress or unpleasant situations. Compulsive consumption is a type of consumer behavior which is inappropriate, typically excessive, and clearly disruptive to the lives of other individuals. (Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond 1987) Both hunting and shopping hinge on long-standing traditions and generally involve pursuing a goal as a group. Whether the group actually hits its target is secondary to the fun of the chase. Hunting and shopping as shown above are very closely linked and motivated by the idea of scarcity. Just like there are limited deer in the forest, there are limited goods in the stores. The result is paradoxical in nature. People are fraudulently deceived into acting compulsively. (Herpen, Pieters and Zeelenberg 2005)Just as Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond concluded that compulsive behavior negatively affects the lives of others, Peter McGraw, Ph. D. drew a similar connection. He focuses more on social trends and pressures being the root of the problem. In The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity, McGraw makes a connection between Black Friday shopping and Thanksgiving Dinner. He explores the idea that once a year, people will consume more calories in one meal, than the average person consumes on a normal day.The next day they wake up, or sometimes not sleeping at all, and go shopping for hours on end. (McGraw and Warner 2011) Dr. McGraw’s research shows us that in a short period of forty eights hour there is over consumption of food on Thanksgiving and the hyper consumption or shopping on Black Friday. McGraw believes that the cause of this phenomenon is social influence and pressure. He writes, â€Å"One of the hallmarks of psychological science is that we are influenced by the actions of othersâ€â€often more so than we'd like to admit.Sometimes we're impelled to take positive actions, such as switching to reusable bags or cutting down on littering. Other times, social influence can be quite negative. When it comes to Thanksgiving and Black Friday, unfortunately, the influences skew more toward bad than good. †(McGraw and Warner 2011) In other words McGraw places responsibility of hyper consumption on social trends, pressures, and even perhaps familial rituals for the ever-popular Black Friday. Another concept of Black Friday is one of mutual benefit for both consumer and retailer.Consumers’ benefit from large discounts on all sorts of items including clothing, electronics, furniture, and literally any other commodity available on the market. Retailers’ benefit by getting out of the red zone, finally making a profit for the fiscal year. The opportunities available on Black Friday is what drove 212 million shoppers to stores during Black Friday weekend in 2011. (Wilson, 2010) Retailers experience surging sales during Black Friday and the days that follow. This monetary benefit is what drives t heir extensive promotion and deal offerings, further influencing the consumer’s willingness to partake in the shopping frenzy.In a society where a corporation or business’s main purpose is to grow profits for the benefit of its shareholders, a company’s number one purpose is to increase sales, in order to increase profits. According to a New York Times article written by Adam Davidson, approximately one fifth of retailer’s total annual sales are made during the holiday shopping season. (Davidson, 2011) In conclusion, we can see that shopping on Black Friday brings people together in one way or another. For some, it brings people together in a positive way.Families and friends are able to work as a team who plan, prepare and execute their plans to achieve their goals. For others, Black Friday shoppers experience the negative affects of other people’s behavior. There are also advantages and disadvantages for both the consumer and retailer. Consumers get amazingly cheap prices on products while retailers experience a massive surge in sales. However one may look at Black Friday, it is a day that cannot be ignored. It’s influence and popularity are ever growing and expanding. Reference Page Davidson, Adam. The Black Friday Effect: Let’s Stimulate the Economy with Inflation. †The New York Times, 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Herpen, Erica van, Rik Pieters, and Marcel Zeelenberg (2005) ,†How Product Scarcity Impacts on Choice: Snob and Bandwagon Effects†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32, eds. Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32 : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 623-624. Faber, J. Ronald, O’Guinn, C Thomas, and Krych, Raymond. (1987) â€Å"Compulsive Consumption†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14, eds.Melanie Wallendorf and Paul Anderson, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14: Association for Sonsumer Research, Pages: 132-135. McGonigal, Kelly, Ph. D. â€Å"The Science of Willpower. †Comments on â€Å"Black Friday Shopping: How Stores Use Psychology to Fill Your Cart†N. p. , 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . McGraw, Peter, Ph. D. , and Warner, Joel. â€Å"The Humor Code. †The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity. N. p. , 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Ridgwar, Nicole, â€Å"Black Friday Sales Hit Record. †CNNMoney. Cable News Netwrok, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Sarkis, Stephanie, Ph. D. â€Å"Here, There, and Everywhere. †Black Friday: A Collective Consumption Ritual. N. p. , 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Thomas, Jane Boyd, and Peters, Cara. (2011) â€Å"An exploratory investigation of Black Friday consumption rituals†, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 39 Iss: 7, pp. 522 – 537 Wallendorf, M. , Arnould, E. â€Å"We gather together: consumption rituals of Thanksgiving Dayâ € , in Journal of Consumer Research, (1991) Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 13-31. Wilson, April. â€Å"By the Numbers: Black Friday Shoppers and Their Impact on the Economy. †The Luckie ReTink Tank. 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct 2012. . Black Friday The three sources to be compared are all in relation to the events that occurred on â€Å"Black Friday†, particularly surrounding the conduct of the metropolitan police. Source 10, taken from â€Å"The Times†newspaper presents the view that the police were more victims of the women and raiders that they were trying to control, and that it took some effort to restrain the women that were protesting on that day.Whereas source 11, taken from a memorandum that was sent to the home office after ‘Black Friday†gives the view that the police were acting violently towards the women protesting and that the women in this situation were the victims. Source 12, a statement from a suffragette who participated in â€Å"Black Friday†presents a similar opinion to that in source 11, indicating that the woman in question received several injuries from a police officer.The events that occurred on â€Å"Black Friday†and the conduct of the police have been under dispute by many historians, which some taking the side of source 10, and others agreeing more with the recollections presented in sources 11 and 12- it can therefore be argued how much sources 11 and 12 challenge the view contained in source 10 about the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†. Source 10, taken from â€Å"The Times’ newspaper on 19th November 1910 is an extract from a report covering the events of what eventually became known as â€Å"Black Friday†.It presents the view that the police â€Å"kept their temper very well’ towards â€Å"the ladies who flung themselves against (them)†. It also speaks of how â€Å"several police had their helmets knocked off in carrying out their duty†and later mentions that â€Å"one was disabled by a kick on the ankle†and another â€Å"was cut on the face by a belt†therefore implying that the women who were present on Black Friday were acting violently towards the police , and that any rough handling of the police towards the protesters was only in response to the treatment they were receiving.It could be said then, that this article presents the police in a positive light and shows the suffragettes to be the ones at fault on â€Å"Black Friday†which comes as no surprise given that the article comes from â€Å"The Times†- a newspaper that would have been primarily aimed at educated men, and its purpose therefore would have been to share the opinion that women were out of control and lacked the dignity to receive the vote. Source 11 on the other hand disagrees with the view presented in source source 10.It is an extract from a memorandum by the Parliamentary Conciliation Committee for Women’s Suffrage send to the Home Office after â€Å"Black Friday†. It agrees with the source ten in the sense that it admits a â€Å"relentless struggle†occurred between the police and the suffragettes, but it disagrees with source 10 because it presents the view that it was the police acting violently towards the women, who it says were â€Å"flung hither and thither amid moving traffic, and into the hands of a crows which was sometimes rough and indecent†.This opinion is presented because the purpose of the memorandum sent to the home office was to request a public inquiry into the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†, because they did not follow their â€Å"usual course of action†which â€Å"would have been to arrest the women on a charge of obstruction†but they â€Å"had been instructed to avoid, as far as possible, making any arrests†which is why, the women argue that the police were so violent.Also, this article presents the events of â€Å"Black Friday†in such a different light, because it was written by those who sympathized with Suffragettes and therefore supported them, the Committee was set up in 1910 to encourage support for women’s suffr age, so it would have wanted to make the actions of the police look bad in order to gain support for the women who were protesting. Similar to source 11, Source 12, from a statement by a 60 year old suffragette who had participated in the demonstration on â€Å"Black Friday†is of the opinion that it was the police who acted wrongly during the events, and not the women protesting.The suffragette talks about how she was â€Å"seized by several policemen†and how â€Å"one twisted (her) right arm behind (her) back with such brute force that (she) really thought he would break it†. She also mentions that â€Å"another policeman gave (her) a terrible blow in (her) back, which sent (her) whirling into the crowd†- clearly presenting the view that the police were acting violently and out of conduct towards the women and as a result disputing the viewpoint held in source 10.However, it must be taken into consideration the purpose of this statement, which was a te stament before the Parliamentary Conciliation Committee for Women’s Suffrage, who we know from source 11 sympathized with suffragettes and were trying to gain support from them. Therefore, the women who gave this testament would have been trying to give as much evidence against the police as possible in order for the Committee to have a case against the police and order for an inquiry to be made.In addition to this, it was the aim of suffragettes at time to create as much publicity towards their cause as they could, whether good or bad, they wanted attention, and by complaining about the police it would have prolonged the time that â€Å"Black Friday†was publicized in the media which was what they wanted. In conclusion, sources 11 and 12, which present the view that it was the police who acted wrongly on â€Å"Black Friday†disagree with the view presented in source 10, which is that it was the women who were at fault.This is because the purpose of both sources 11 and 12 was to create sympathy for the suffragettes in order to gain support for their cause, whereas source 10 was aimed at an audience who did not support women’s suffrage, and by publishing an article presenting women in a bad light, â€Å"The Times†newspaper would have been ensuring that it’s readers remained loyal. Although sources 11 and 12 agree with source 10 in the fact that a violent dispute took place, they differ in opinion of who was the victim in the situation, therefore sources 11 and 12 challenge the view presented in source 10 about the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday†. Black Friday The phenomenon of Black Friday Bustling city streets, hour-long lines, and retail store chaos: only one scenario explains the commonality between these situations, shopping on Black Friday. For half a century Black Friday has become an unofficial retail holiday in the United States. It is a day that offers incredible discounts and killer deals, and most notoriously, it brings a frenzy of crazed shoppers to local retailers looking to save on purchases.Marketing strategies, paired with consumers’ need to locate the best deals on Christmas gifts has led to Black Friday being celebrated as a consumption ritual comparable in importance to Thanksgiving Day. (Thomas and Peters, 2011) How has Black Friday become the largest retail sales day of the year? What is it that drives people to artificially induced hyper consumption, almost like an annual ritual? Many scientist and psychologists have many different theories and conclusions of why Black Friday has become the biggest shopping da y of the year.In this paper, I will take your through the research and conclusions that many psychologists have produced and the advantages and disadvantages of Black Friday. Dr. Stephanie Sarkis, Ph. D. explored the work of Jane Boyd Thomas and Cara Peters, professors at South Carolina's Winthrop University, who spent two years in research trying to find common traits in Black Friday shoppers. They conducted thirty-eight extensive interviews with â€Å"experienced†Black Friday shoppers and found four recurring themes: 1. Familial bonding (multiple generations and close friends) 2. Strategic planning . The great race 4. Mission accomplished But how do the four themes they came up with relate to one another? Thomas and Peters figured that all the traits when analyzed together showed one commonality. They wrote, â€Å"the traits are coalesced around a military metaphor, and is a bonding activity Shoppers prepare for the ritual by scanning Black Friday ads, and they map out th eir strategy. †(Sarkis 2011) In essence, the family is a type of team that scans adds, plans their route and potential purchases, executes their plans by buying products, and rejoices in their accomplishments.When all of these traits are analyzed individually, they mean little to main the main outcome, bonding. But when all the traits are looked at collectively, they all contribute to the overall success and goal of bonding. Besides giving us a breakdown of bonding activities, the analysis also shows how the average consumer plan for Black Friday. Just as Sarkis found themes that make up this military metaphor, Byun, professor of consumer affairs at Auburn University came up with her own theory on why people react the way they do on Black Friday. Crowds create a sense of competition  such as when hundreds of shoppers are rushing to collect marked-down goods  they generate a different feeling entirely. Competition creates what’s called hedonic shopping v alue, or a sense of enjoyment from the mere process of buying goods. At certain levels, consumers enjoy arousal and challenges during the shopping process. †(Khazan 2011) In essence what Byun is saying is consumers get more enjoyment because the crowds create an obstacle, which hinders the execution of the plans and preparations made. The crowds make getting what they want harder, which creates more value for the goods purchased.Just as Byun noted that crowds contribute to the Black Friday Craze, Kelly McGonigal, Ph. D. describes another factors that plays a big part in the â€Å"Black Friday frenzy†. Retailers, she notes, use innovative designs to lure customers into their stores and keep them there. McGonigal says â€Å"time pressure sales on limited products or scarce resources†triggers a negative physiological affect on the consumer. Scarcity for a certain commodity creates a sense of urgency to act now, a natural instinct to survive. This survival instinct can be related to hunting for some people.Black Friday is â€Å"hunting for women,†said Leisa Reinecke Flynn, professor of marketing and fashion merchandising at the University of Southern Mississippi. â€Å"It’s so much like deer hunting it’s hard to tell the two apart. †(Khazan 2011) Unfortunately, shopping on Black Friday is not motivated by survival instincts or a life in death situation. This paradox stimulates unusual behavior in consumers that creates disadvantages and potential dangers for those that are not necessarily into the hunt. The concept of Black Friday creates a â€Å"perfect storm†for consumer misbehavior.Misbehavior, as defined by Lennon, Johnson, and Lee is, â€Å"acts that violate accepted norms of conduct in consumption contexts. †(Lennon, Johnson, Lee, 2011) This compulsive behavior, or compulsive consumption, feeds off of the idea of scarcity. It induces people to act inappropriately harming others and often the mselves. â€Å"For many, if not most compulsive purchasers, buying is a reaction to stress or unpleasant situations. Compulsive consumption is a type of consumer behavior which is inappropriate, typically excessive, and clearly disruptive to the lives of other individuals. (Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond 1987) Both hunting and shopping hinge on long-standing traditions and generally involve pursuing a goal as a group. Whether the group actually hits its target is secondary to the fun of the chase. Hunting and shopping as shown above are very closely linked and motivated by the idea of scarcity. Just like there are limited deer in the forest, there are limited goods in the stores. The result is paradoxical in nature. People are fraudulently deceived into acting compulsively. (Herpen, Pieters and Zeelenberg 2005)Just as Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond concluded that compulsive behavior negatively affects the lives of others, Peter McGraw, Ph. D. drew a similar connection. He focuses more on social trends and pressures being the root of the problem. In The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity, McGraw makes a connection between Black Friday shopping and Thanksgiving Dinner. He explores the idea that once a year, people will consume more calories in one meal, than the average person consumes on a normal day.The next day they wake up, or sometimes not sleeping at all, and go shopping for hours on end. (McGraw and Warner 2011) Dr. McGraw’s research shows us that in a short period of forty eights hour there is over consumption of food on Thanksgiving and the hyper consumption or shopping on Black Friday. McGraw believes that the cause of this phenomenon is social influence and pressure. He writes, â€Å"One of the hallmarks of psychological science is that we are influenced by the actions of othersâ€â€often more so than we'd like to admit.Sometimes we're impelled to take positive actions, such as switching to reusable bags or cutting down on littering. Other times, social influence can be quite negative. When it comes to Thanksgiving and Black Friday, unfortunately, the influences skew more toward bad than good. †(McGraw and Warner 2011) In other words McGraw places responsibility of hyper consumption on social trends, pressures, and even perhaps familial rituals for the ever-popular Black Friday. Another concept of Black Friday is one of mutual benefit for both consumer and retailer.Consumers’ benefit from large discounts on all sorts of items including clothing, electronics, furniture, and literally any other commodity available on the market. Retailers’ benefit by getting out of the red zone, finally making a profit for the fiscal year. The opportunities available on Black Friday is what drove 212 million shoppers to stores during Black Friday weekend in 2011. (Wilson, 2010) Retailers experience surging sales during Black Friday and the days that follow. This monetary benefit is what drives t heir extensive promotion and deal offerings, further influencing the consumer’s willingness to partake in the shopping frenzy.In a society where a corporation or business’s main purpose is to grow profits for the benefit of its shareholders, a company’s number one purpose is to increase sales, in order to increase profits. According to a New York Times article written by Adam Davidson, approximately one fifth of retailer’s total annual sales are made during the holiday shopping season. (Davidson, 2011) In conclusion, we can see that shopping on Black Friday brings people together in one way or another. For some, it brings people together in a positive way.Families and friends are able to work as a team who plan, prepare and execute their plans to achieve their goals. For others, Black Friday shoppers experience the negative affects of other people’s behavior. There are also advantages and disadvantages for both the consumer and retailer. Consumers get amazingly cheap prices on products while retailers experience a massive surge in sales. However one may look at Black Friday, it is a day that cannot be ignored. It’s influence and popularity are ever growing and expanding. Reference Page Davidson, Adam. The Black Friday Effect: Let’s Stimulate the Economy with Inflation. †The New York Times, 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Herpen, Erica van, Rik Pieters, and Marcel Zeelenberg (2005) ,†How Product Scarcity Impacts on Choice: Snob and Bandwagon Effects†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32, eds. Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32 : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 623-624. Faber, J. Ronald, O’Guinn, C Thomas, and Krych, Raymond. (1987) â€Å"Compulsive Consumption†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14, eds.Melanie Wallendorf and Paul Anderson, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14: Association for Sonsumer Research, Pages: 132-135. McGonigal, Kelly, Ph. D. â€Å"The Science of Willpower. †Comments on â€Å"Black Friday Shopping: How Stores Use Psychology to Fill Your Cart†N. p. , 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . McGraw, Peter, Ph. D. , and Warner, Joel. â€Å"The Humor Code. †The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity. N. p. , 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Ridgwar, Nicole, â€Å"Black Friday Sales Hit Record. †CNNMoney. Cable News Netwrok, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Sarkis, Stephanie, Ph. D. â€Å"Here, There, and Everywhere. †Black Friday: A Collective Consumption Ritual. N. p. , 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Thomas, Jane Boyd, and Peters, Cara. (2011) â€Å"An exploratory investigation of Black Friday consumption rituals†, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 39 Iss: 7, pp. 522 – 537 Wallendorf, M. , Arnould, E. â€Å"We gather together: consumption rituals of Thanksgiving Dayâ € , in Journal of Consumer Research, (1991) Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 13-31. Wilson, April. â€Å"By the Numbers: Black Friday Shoppers and Their Impact on the Economy. †The Luckie ReTink Tank. 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct 2012. .
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Week 3 Economics Essay On Cell Phones - 752 Words
Week 3 Economics Essay Jacob Sundermann Spring Arbor University With technology continuously advancing and information becoming more easily accessible through smartphones, it is a must have to keep up with the latest cell phones that come from Apple. Just recently, Apple has released their newest model, the iPhone X, at a the standard price of $999 (Reisinger, 2017). Comparing this to their original iPhone, which was priced at around $499 (Cohen, 2007), this is a decent price jump, not including the prices if you were to buy the larger models or models with higher storage. However, consumers are still willing to pay a pretty penny for these smartphones, regardless of the price. This shows how even though the price may rise on†¦show more content†¦Or in the case of iPhone’s, simply creating more advanced technology would increase the price while demand stays the same. The advancement in technology for new models on iPhone’s can be represented by the given graph. Because there are little to no substitutes for iPhone’s, the demand will always stay the same no matter the price. In about 10 years time, the price of iPhone’s has increased by approximately $500, but because in this day and age almost everyone needs a smartphone and Apple is a major smartphone producer, consumers will continue to purchase iPhone’s no matter the price, allowing the demand to stay the same. Something that could possibly cause the demand in iPhone’s to decrease could be if another competing smartphone producer made a product that was better in quality and cheaper in price than the current iPhone model, this would result in a loss of capital for Apple which could then lead to them also increasing the price on their products. In regards to my faith, I believe that the increase in price due to advancements in technology in the smartphone industry is completely ethical. Although it is hard for some people to afford a brand new cell phone for nearly $1,000, the cost to produce, the labour, and the fact tha t the industries have to make a profit must be taken into consideration. With these factors in mind, the ever changing smartphones and the increase in prices can be considered ethical. If they were to sellShow MoreRelated Illegal Immigration Growing on the U.S. Essay859 Words  | 4 PagesIllegal Immigration Growing on the U.S. In â€Å"Illegal Immigrants Do Not Harm America’s Economy,†Brian Grow and his colleagues, reporters for Business Week, argue that rather than damaging it, illegal immigrants actually help the economy by paying taxes and advancing general economic growth. The writers are responding to claims that illegal immigrants receive unwarranted negative attention for supposed drains on public services. They also address the fact that, despite possible legal ramificationsRead MoreHow Personal Dynamics Affect Your Leadership Style And / Or Effectiveness?1171 Words  | 5 Pagespoliceman guarded and of whom I learned and watched a variety of leadership styles. The prisoners who have let me understood their societies Family, many supervisors, co-workers etc B. I have read my books. The Bible, which I have read every week, have made me understand the Lord, the God and the goal of my life. The Politeia, which was written by the Platon, The political textbook, which was written 2500 years ago, by the Shang Yang who found the foundation of Qin Dynasty, the HeritageRead More663352 inst Essay1515 Words  | 7 Pagesof sources: 4     Writing Style: APA     Type of document: Essay     Academic Level:Undergraduate Number of Pages: 4 (Double Spaced)     Category: Business         Language Style: English (U.S.)     Order Instructions: Assignment 1: How Big Global Businesses Compare  Due Week 4 and worth 200 points  Select one (1) global industry, such as the automobile or cell phone industry. Next, use the Internet to research three (3) major international competitors within the chosen industry. TakeRead MoreExtended Essay Zheng1734 Words  | 7 Pagesï » ¿ Extended Essay Which of the forces and drivers of â€Å"globalisation†will most impact on the business environment? Zheng Li PARSE 17 16/ 09/ 2014 Word count: 1505 Introduction There is a widespread belief that the world at the beginning of the twenty-first century is changing more rapidly and dramaticallyRead MoreThe Narrative Research Method9739 Words  | 39 PagesJournal of Information Systems, (17:2), p. 112 | bJoseph, D., Kok-Yee Ng; Koh, C., Soon Ang. (2007) | Information Technology Professionals: A Narrative Review, Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling, and Model Development | MIS Quarterly, (31:3), p547-577 | Kuechler, W. L., Vaishnavi, V. (2006) | So, Talk To Me: The Effect of Explicit Goals on The Comprehension of Business Process Narratives | MIS Quarterly, (30:4), p961-A16 | Chae, B., Poole, M.S. (2005) | The surface of emergence in systemsRead MorePestle An Output Of The Outer Macro Environment1897 Words  | 8 PagesAnswer 1.1 – PESTLE analysisis an output of the outer macro-environment in which an association exists. It is a helpful device for comprehension the political, economic, socio-social and innovative environment that an association works in. It can be utilized for assessing business development or decrease, and all things considered the position, potential and course for a business. Political factors – Indigenous Produce main concern tariffs, legal systems, government regulations towards local firmsRead Moreâ€Å"Advertising - A Judicious Mixture Of Flattery And Threats.†1905 Words  | 8 Pagesthe ways and means. In his essay entitles ‘’Kids Kustomers’’, Eric Schlosser explores the subject of involving children by advertisers and marketers to reach their lucrative aspirations without condemning them or being critical. Schlosser,’’ [makes] a scathing indictment without being polemical’’ (Schlosser 353). It is clear throughout his essay that his awareness of the controversy of the subject helped him defining the facts without appearing subjective. Schlosser’s essay uses an unbelievable volumeRead MoreInvestment Project1979 Words  | 8 Pages Investment Principles and Analysis Trinity University FNCE 3352 Spring 2010 INSTRUCTOR: Carl M. Hubbard, Ph.D., CFA Office: CGC N3l6; phone 999-7283, carl.hubbard@trinity.edu OFFICE HOURS: 9:30 – 11:30 MW; 2:30 – 4:00 TTh; Other times available by appointment. TEXTBOOK: Zvi Bodie, Alex Kane, and Alan J. Marcus. Essentials of Investments, 7th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. CALCULATOR: Texas Instruments BAII Plus Calculator COURSE OBJECTIVES The learning objectives for studentsRead MoreStock Trak Report1961 Words  | 8 PagesInvestment Principles and Analysis Trinity University FNCE 3352 Spring 2010 INSTRUCTOR: Carl M. Hubbard, Ph.D., CFA Office: CGC N3l6; phone 999-7283, carl.hubbard@trinity.edu OFFICE HOURS: 9:30 – 11:30 MW; 2:30 – 4:00 TTh; Other times available by appointment. TEXTBOOK: Zvi Bodie, Alex Kane, and Alan J. Marcus. Essentials of Investments, 7th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. CALCULATOR: Texas Instruments BAII Plus Calculator COURSE OBJECTIVES The learning objectivesRead MoreHow Media Has Changed The Media Landscape Of The United States And / Or The World2152 Words  | 9 Pages1970s and 1980s when the three major television networks gave way to a cable television system that allowed households to view hundreds of channels. 3) 3) The rise of social media during the last ten to twelve years, when Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and other platforms changed the way people communicated with large audiences. Write an essay comparing how the introduction of these new technologies changed the media landscape in the United States and/or the world. Consider, among any other
Wednesday, December 25, 2019
What Makes A Heart Attack - 864 Words
Each year, more than one million Americans experience a heart attack, and nearly half of them are fatal. â€Å"A heart attack happens when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart can’t get oxygen. If blood flow isn’t restored quickly, the section of heart muscle begins to die†( What Is a Heart Attack). In the U.S. a heart attack occurs every 34 seconds and in 60 seconds some die from a heart attack. Cardiologist have had many set back on trying to find a resolution for the U.S. where society does not have to worry about ever having a heart attack. Cardiologist believe that making right food decisions, physical exercise, and finally a cut back on stress are 3 major priorities that can defeat heart attacks. Today, society has been driven on quick and easy meals Aka fast food restaurants. What some of society does not know is that there are six types of nutrition that our body needs to have each day. Our body requires â€Å"Carbohydrates : simple and complex, Protein from food is broken down into amino acids by the digestive system. These amino acids are then used for building and repairing muscles, red blood cells, hair and other tissues, and for making hormones, fat in food includes a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fat, Vitamins help to regulate chemical reactions in the body, Minerals are components of foods that are involved in many body functions. For example, calcium and magnesium are important for bone structure,Show MoreRelatedHeart Attacks : A Heart Attack1468 Words  | 6 PagesHeart attacks can be scary no matter who you are or what you have experienced. To think that a heart attack could happen to you or someone you love can be terrifying. As you age the risk of y ou have a heart attack becomes higher and higher. When someone has a heart attack their blood that produces the oxygen for your heart can not get to your heart because it becomes blocked. Therefore, your heart cannot get the oxygen that it needs to survive. This is a scary thought because if the blood can notRead MoreHeart Attack Paper1532 Words  | 7 PagesHEART ATTACKS Each Year 1.1 Million people in the United States have heart attacks and almost half of them die. It may be surprising that while many women believe breast cancer is most threatening to them, it is a fact that they are eight times more likely to die of a heart attack. Coronary Artery Disease which often leads to a heart attack is by far the leading cause of death of both men and women. WHAT IS A HEART ATTACK? Other Names for a heart attack include the name Myocardial InfarctionRead MoreTaking a Look at Myocardial Infraction1464 Words  | 6 Pagesknown as a heart attack, occurs when the blood flow that brings the oxygen to the heart is reduced or cut off completely. When the blood cannot reach parts of your heart, that area is becoming damaged or unfortunately if treatment is prolonged for too long then the heart cells will most likely die. Heart attacks can occur in anybody no matter the age, gender, or nationality, but statistically â€Å"men over the age of 45 and to women over the age of 55 are at the greatest risk of a heart attack†(Ricciotti)Read MoreMyocardial Infraction : A Heart Attack1494 Words  | 6 Pagesabout 7.9 million Americans are alive that have had a heart attack also known as myocardial infraction (â€Å"Heart Disease†). 15% of people that have a heart attack will die from it (Krucik). Many people have heard of a heart attack, but many may not know what it is. A heart attack is â€Å"When the flow of blood to the heart is blocked, most often by a buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances, which form a plaque in the arteries that feed the heart such as a coronary arteries. The interrupted bloodRead MoreRisk Factors for a Heart Attack612 Words  | 3 PagesIntroduction Heart attack is one of the main causes that lead to death in many countries. It is a serious medical emergency occurs when there is a block in the blood supply to the heart. Therefore, the blood movements of the heart decrease or stop and the heart begin to die. There are many factors that lead to heart attack but we can minimize this chance by different ways. About Heart The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood around the body. Causes of heart attack One of the most frequentRead MoreA Brief Note On Myocardial Infarction And Prevention1358 Words  | 6 Pagesmindlessly oblivious about what they are putting into their bodies also does not alleviate the current situation. Some opt for fast food since it is easy and convenient considering having a hectic schedule. Many often come home late at night, eat, and shortly head to bed after an exhausting day. All this exhaustion increases the stress placed on one’s heart. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) stated that myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is the leading causesRead MoreHeart Attack : Myocardial Infarction1647 Words  | 7 Pagesthis disease, and define each of the terms. â€Å"Heart Attack: Myocardial Infarction â€Å" 1. Coronary thrombosis - is when a clot forms inside one of the arteries in the heart. This clot will block blood flow resulting in a heart attack. 2. Coronary occlusion- is an obstruction of a coronary artery which blocks blood flow. 3. STEMI heart attack- is the same as a coronary occlusion except the coronary artery is completely blocked. 4. NSTEMI heart attack- is found through a test to see if there is aRead MoreMyocardial Infarction Essay1451 Words  | 6 Pagessuffered a heart attack. He had been hauling several 50 lb. sacks of corn up into the deer feeder on his property by himself. He got into his truck, turned the ignition, put it into drive and before he could take his foot off the brake, he was dead. He was 68 years old. I was thirteen and that seemed so old. I remember that prior to the event there were many conversations within my family about the condition of my grandfather’s heart and cardiovascular system and how he needed to make lifestyleRead MoreThe Effects Of High Blood Pressure On The Heart1408 Words  | 6 Pagesdamaging effects on the heart. High blood pressure is known as a silent killer and if left untreated can cause serious damage to the heart. What causes high blood can differ from person to person. What causes this for some may be different with another. Genetics, diet, family history, weight, and use of salt are just some of the causes of high blood pressure. Some of the ways that high blood pressure damages the heart is through narrowing of the arteries in the heart, called arteriosclerosisRead MoreInvestigation on NyQuil890 Words  | 4 Pageson NyQuil can induce general effects on the brain such as a feeling of anxiety, restlessness or nervousness, and perhaps dizziness and drowsiness as well (Busse). However, the two main ingredients of NyQuil, acetaminophen and dextromethorphan, are what induce the more severe effects. Respectively, consumption of large amounts of acetaminophen has been known to cause severe liver damage and other stomach complications, such as nausea, vomiting, and a loss of appetite. According to Busse from Livestrong
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
Beowulf A True Hero - 1763 Words
One’s outcome and outlook on life are determined by the many decisions that one must make throughout their lifetime. In the epic of Beowulf, the reader is introduced to a man, named Beowulf, who is later crowned as King of the Geats, reigning for fifty years. Throughout the poem, Beowulf seems to exhibit characteristics, long before he is King, that lead the reader to believe Beowulf will be a successful and impressionable king. Beowulf displays four key characteristics, courage, strength, knowledge, and respect/trust, which are extremely important to the plot, as well as for the life of the Geats, the Danes, and Beowulf’s true identity. From the beginning, Beowulf is viewed as the epitome of a true hero. He may have been somewhat selfish at times and boast about his achievements, but when it really mattered he is there for his people. These traits truly expose the heroic king he becomes. The courage and bravery that the character of Beowulf exemplifies throughout the epic, demonstrates reasons as to why he would reign as a strong king as time goes on. The reader learns quickly how important the act of being courageous is to the epic of Beowulf, as it is made clear in the first lines of the epic, stating, â€Å"So. The Spear-Danes in days gone by / and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness. / We have heard of those princes’ heroic campaigns†(34. 1-3). The first few lines of Beowulf immediately use the act of courage as the definitive form of greatness. The DanesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Anglo-Saxon History and Beowulf1586 Words  | 7 PagesAnglo-Saxon History and Beowulf By definition the word â€Å"hero†might be interpreted in one of four ways. First off in mythology and legend, a hero is often of divine ancestry. He is endowed with great courage and strength, celebrated for his bold exploits, and favored by the gods. Secondly, a hero is a person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his or her life. Thirdly, a hero can also be described as a person noted for specialRead MoreEpic of Beowulf Essay1106 Words  | 5 PagesThe 8th century epic poem Beowulf illustrates a loss of community, cultural values and tradition. On the other hand, an elegiac passing of an extraordinary hero and the relationship between the themes of mortality and heroism are well discussed in Beowulf. Beowulf’s character exemplifies the Germanic and the Anglo-Saxon ideals of the hero: strong, fearless, bold, loyal, and stoic in the acceptance of fate. Despite his lack of humility, Beowulf was t he definition of a hero in his own time by his demonstrationRead MoreBeowulf as a Epic Hero Essay960 Words  | 4 PagesBeowulf Paper A true hero does not fear death or, but instead risks all that he is for what he believes to be right, moral, and just. Beowulf is an epic and tells the story of a legendary hero, conquering all obstacles as if he was immortal. Up until the end of Beowulfs life he was constantly looking to be the hero. However, his humanity is exposed by his death. Heroes all share the characteristic of their willingness to die in their effort to accomplish their heroic act, thus making the actRead MoreTheme Of Heroism In Beowulf1544 Words  | 7 PagesBeowulf demonstrates the qualities and traits of being an ideal hero. In the poem it explores Beowulf ‘s heroism in two distinct stages which are youth and age. Beowulf has three separate and very difficult conflicts that involve Grendel, Grendel’s mother and the dragon. When you are viewing these major encounters with the three different people Beowulf demonstrates the importance of heroic code. There is a much clearer division between Beowulf’s adolescent heroism as a warrior as well as in onesRead MoreThe Characteristics Of A Hero In The Epic Of Beowulf746 Words  | 3 PagesBeowulf Essay A hero in the modern world is hard to define and in some places even harder to find. Stories such as Beowulf are continually told in order to help define what a hero should / could be. Heroes in these stories possess traits such as bravery, great strength, or great cunning. However, while a true hero needs some of these traits they don’t define that person as a hero. What defines someone as a hero is daring to go and do what ordinary men wouldn’t in order to save innocent lives, knowingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Beowulf - Noble Or Narcissistic1002 Words  | 5 Pagesdifferent understandings of what it is to be a hero. In the dictionary the definition of a hero is a person, typically a man, who people admire or idolize for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Beowulf lacks noble qualities. Noble qualities show what he will fight for what they believe in no matter the cost or the benefits. A true hero fights for the good in the world and what th ey believe in their heart. In the epic poem Beowulf, fighting for glory and honor shows noble qualitiesRead More Beowulf is an Epic Hero Essay957 Words  | 4 PagesA true hero does not fear death or, but instead risks all that he is for what he believes to be right, moral, and just. Beowulf is an epic and tells the story of a legendary hero, conquering all obstacles as if he was immortal. Up until the end of Beowulf’s life he was constantly looking to be the hero. However, his humanity is exposed by his death. Heroes all share the characteristic of their willingness to die in their effort to accomplish their heroic act, thus making the act in itself heroicRead MoreBeowulf Is a Hero Essay877 Words  | 4 PagesBeowulf Essay Every epic hero possesses certain heroic characteristics. The epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. Beowulf is the hero. He shows that he is a great man by always putting other things before his own needs. He is important and needed by his people and is known by many as a strong, courageous and a helpful person. He shows all of the qualities and traits that a true hero possesses. Beowulf, like other epic heroes, possesses the following heroic qualities:Read More Comparing the Hero in Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight921 Words  | 4 PagesBeowulf and Sir Gawain – True Heroes Heroes come in many forms. The construction of the heroic has taken many forms, yet traits such as: courage, honor, and loyalty, reappear as themes throughout the hero personality. The characters of Beowulf and Sir Gawain each represent a version of a hero, yet each comes across quite differently in their story. A hero can be said to truly win if he remains constant to his noble values when put in any situation that crosses his way. When measured by thatRead More Beowulf - An Epic Hero Essay710 Words  | 3 PagesBeowulf An Epic Hero Beowulf: An Epic Hero Being a hero can be defined many different ways. Several qualities like courage, respect, and strength can define heroism. A hero is noted for his or her actions for being brave, powerful, and acting with honor. In the epic poem, Beowulf, the main character Beowulf shows all of these characteristics by defending the Danish king, Hrothgar, and his people. He is a true hero by honoring his country and exerting his power and strength to protect others
Monday, December 9, 2019
Stakeholders In Situation Business Process â€Myassignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss About The Stakeholders In Situation Business Process? Answer: Introducation The government- the government is one of the main stakeholders in this process. When deferring tax or manipulating accounts, the government stands to lose as it is more likely to understate the revenues collected than to tell the truth about the earnings. Deferring recognition on tax free incentives means that most of the cash inflows that the government may tax as revenues will not be taxed. Management- the management of Vroom Ltd is also a stakeholder as its accounts are being manipulated left right and centre due to the need of not stating the correct revenues received. It may however come to bite them as the tax man will come looking for the differed tax that are withheld from the government but have authentic place of issuance are always recovered. The management is however supposed to do an audit into the books of accounts of the current financial year. Shareholders- the shareholders of Vroom Ltd, the vehicle engine parts manufacturer will also be affected as the understated revenues will reduce the dividend payables subject to the boards approval. Shareholders who have invested in the shares under the Australian stock exchange will also have a long way to settle their outstanding share values. Suppliers- in case the company will be caught trying to differ tax, the suppliers of the vehicle parts they are selling will be questioned to for the purpose of accounts authenticity. Deferred tax accounting You can request the deferral or split of payment of the tax debt, both in the voluntary and executive period, in the existing official models (CAT06 and CAT08) provided that it is current in its tax obligations with the granting of the deferral, a situation that must be maintained during the whole term of the same. However, the requirement that the applicant be aware of his tax obligations with the grant of deferment shall not be required if all debts whose postponement is requested are in the executive period. However, the requirement that the applicant be aware of his tax obligations with the grant of deferment shall not be required if all debts whose postponement is requested are in the executive period. Ethical issues involved in Tax deferment The latest regulatory changes in relation to deferrals and installments of payment of tax debts are aimed at reducing the use of this figure, with the purpose that these debts are paid in their regulatory term and with the aim of increasing tax revenues of the State. It is understood that the postponement or fractionation of payment of a tax debt must be used exceptionally and only when the economic and financial situation of the taxpayer prevents him, on a transitional basis, to make the payment within the established deadlines, as contemplated article 65 of the General Tax Law. It is intended to avoid that by means of requests for deferral or splitting, the timing of income from tax debts is unduly delayed and used as a source of continuous funding. Debts arising from taxes that must be legally passed on, such as VAT, can not be subject to deferral unless it is duly justified that the assessed contributions have not actually been paid. If the taxpayer collected the contributions of the obligor to bear them can not rely on the lack of liquidity that prevents him from being able to pay the tax debt in time, since the amounts collected from the recipients of transactions subject to tax must destined to the payment of the resulting tax debt. Only in the case that the taxpayer has not collected the quotas passed on by the addressee and that they suppose for him a tax debt to be admitted to the Public Treasury may request the postponement of the same, but only for the excess of the amount of the tax debt on the amount of assessed contributions collected. The fractional payments of the Corporation Tax will be inapplicable, and this as a complement to the modifications introduced in its determination in order to anticipate the payment of the debt by the Corporate Tax. These amendments are intended to reduce the cases of tax debts on which a deferral or split of payment can be granted, in order not to delay the obtaining by the Public Treasury of the due tax revenues and thus reduce the public deficit. Can Lucida Differ revenues and accrue expenses and still be ethical No- According to accounting principles revenues and expenses must be declared as to when and how they were received. However, it is possible to exaggerate the expenses of the company by Lucider mostly done to the board members expenses but must be backed by genuine receipts that shows the expenses. For revenues unless they can be hidden, they will always expose the companies financial position Trial balance item dr cr Capital 620000 truck 540000 rent 1600 Trucking services 12000 Personal expenses 4000 advertisement 1200 Trucking services Truck fuel 8800 6200 Explain why the penalties were imposed Dan Horesh( Victoria) A case heard on 2 feb 2017, by the appeals tribunal based on a hearing on determination by Disciplinary tribunal which was on8 September 2016. Mr. horesh was found in breach of the constitution and the tribunal sustained the complaints and gave the following as penalty payments for Mr.Horesh. A severe reprimand was issued to Mr. Horesh followed by a fine of $1000. In relation to the failure by the accountant to respond to breach of professional conduct, the fine was imposed. In relation to mr horesh failure to duly complete compliance and quality review, he was to forfeit membership of the accounting body and prior to any application of readmission he must first adhere to what was imposed on him. This includes, paying all fines and costs that are outstanding and should he be readmitted to membership, he will only be granted CPA membership and not his initial FCPA. It upheld that in the determination of the case, Mr. Horesh should successfully complete the quality review that had been set by 1 april this year and was ordered to pay $ 605.27 to the Australias CPA for disciplinary tribunal and $605.27 for the appeal hearing. Raghwa Prasad (New South Wales) This was a case on 26 ocober year 2016. It found that the accused person had breached article 39 (a). the tribunal ordered Mr. Prasad to pay a fine of $20000 in respect to the decision that was reached by Australia mortgage and financial association. The tribunal also prohibited mr.prasad from the provision of any financial services for a period of more than four years. The penalty and costs in terms of fines included the following; forfeiture of membership and will not be eligible for readmission until the expiry of the banning orders. Mr. Prasad must complete a successful quality review complaint which will be done at his own cost. He will also be lowered from his designated title of FCPA to CPA. IN TERMS OF FINES Mr. Prasad was ordered to pay the CPA Australia $ 887.85in costs. Shiv Prakash Sahay (New South Wales) On February 8th 2017, the disciplinary committee found Shiv Prakash in breach of articles 38a and 39a of the constitution and was expelled by the mortgage and finance association. He was also convicted by the crimes act in with the intention to defraud. He was banned by the association from engaging in any credit activities. Penalties and costs He was to forfeit the membership and was not eligible for readmission for thirty years. He must pay in full all the outstanding fees, subscriptions and membership costs. If he wishes to be readmitted he must complete in full the CPA program again. He was also given a severe reprimand and a fine of $1000, for not responding to professional conduct. He was ordered to pay the Australia CPA a cost of $752.27. Referring to APES 110 standards (available on Moodle), which sections should have applied to your three mentioned examples? The Public Accountancy is a profession whose purpose is to meet the needs of society by measuring, evaluating, ordering, analyzing and interpreting the financial information of companies or individuals and preparing reports on the corresponding financial situation, which are based on the decisions of entrepreneurs, investors, creditors, other interested parties and the State about the future of these economic entities. The Public Accountant as depositary of the public trust, gives public faith when with his signature and professional card number signs a document certifying certain economic facts. This certification will be an integral part of the examination. The Public Accountant, whether in public or private activity, is a factor of active and direct intervention in the life of public and private organizations. Its obligation is to ensure the economic interests of the community, understood by this not only natural or legal persons linked directly to the company but to society in general, and of course, the State. Moral conscience, professional aptitude and mental independence constitute its spiritual essence. The exercise of public accounting involves a social function especially through the public faith that is granted for the sake of order and security in the economic relations between the State and individuals, or between them(Professional ethics in accounting and finance, 2012). ARTICLE 36. For the situation that is presented, within the guidelines given by the profession and may also resort to specialists from disciplines other than the Public Accounting and the use of all the elements that science and technology put at their disposal. Ethical behavior. The above basic principles should be applied by the Public Accountant in both the simplest and the most complex work, with no exception. In this way, he will contribute to the development of the Public Accountancy through the daily practice of his profession. The above principles of ethics are applicable to all Public Accountants by the mere fact of being, regardless of the nature of their activity or the specialty they cultivate, whether in the independent exercise or when acting as an official or employee of public or private institutions, as long as it is compatible with its functions(Duska, Duska and Ragatz, 2011). The explanation of the basic principles of professional ethics is as follows: The Public Accountant must keep his moral integrity intact, whatever the field of his performance in the professional practice. In accordance with this, honesty, honesty, dignity and sincerity are expected of him in every circumstance. Within this same principle are included other related concepts that, without requiring an explicit mention or regulation, may be related to the rules of professional performance established. Such concepts could be those of moral conscience, loyalty in the different planes, truthfulness as a reflection of an unconquerable reality, justice and equity with support in positive law. Were the penalties imposed by the accounting bodies sufficient? Give reasons. Yes. In all cases the accused get the maximum punishment they are accused of. Most of this accountants are FCPAs and have acquired the wealth and experience that is associated with the profession(Jeffrey, 2007). A fine of upto $ 20000 is too punitive that an accountant will feel the effect of the breach. Furthermore, a expulsion from the association is also extremely harsh for this accountants. References Duska, R., Duska, B. and Ragatz, J. (2011).Accounting Ethics. New York, NY: John Wiley business. Jeffrey, C. (2007).Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Professional ethics in accounting and finance. (2012). London: BPP Learning Media Ltd
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